Nubwo nylon ifite imitungo myiza nubukanishi, iradukambana cyane mubijyanye na minda yo gutwika imiti, kandi ifite ibitekerezo byo gushonga mugihe cyo gutwika mugihe cyo gutwika, gifite urwego runini rwumutekano. Ibyiza byo gutwika ihagaritse bya nylon byera byapimwe hamwe na V-0 ya UL-94, agaciro ka Loi karenga 24%. Kubwibyo, Ikoranabuhanga rishya rya Flame Redarbant ryabaye ingingo ishyushye ryateje impungenge zisanzwe z'abahanga benshi ku isi yose.
Igishushanyo
Inkomoko yumubare: Urubuga rwemewe rwawe
Mu myaka yashize, hamwe no kurengera mu buryo bw'isi ku isi, iterambere ry'ibidukikije hamwe n'ijwi rya Halodona n'ibyatsi bitari karubone, hashyizweho umuhamagaro w'ibidukikije, wicyatsi ushinzwe kurwanya ibidukikije. Ikibuno cyo kurinda ibidukikije cyatsinzwe na Flame Redarbant, kitari Halogeted, ibiyobyabwenge, umwotsi uke kandi uburozi bukabije kandi ubunganiza bukomeye ubu ari bwo buyobozi mu iterambere ry'inganda nshya za Flame. Igishushanyo cya 2 nigishushanyo cya schematike cyibikorwa byo gutwika polymer.
Igishushanyo 2 Igishushanyo cya Schematic cyo gutwika polymer
Igishushanyo 3 Polypepetrochechemical halome flame redibant pa66, abahuza Pa6, bafunga
Igishushanyo 4 flame redirtant nylon ya sanyang ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi
Ⅰ.Ubwoko bwa Flame Retdants
Ibicuruzwa byongeye kuba umupaka ni ibiti bya flame bishobora gukumira kuborana ibikoresho byo gutwika no kubuza gukwirakwiza hejuru yumuriro wo gutwika.
Kugeza ku isoko rigezweho mu Bushinwa, ibicuruzwa byongeweho abategetsi ba Flame biracyari ibicuruzwa by'ibicuruzwa bigize ikirenga kuri flame iki gihe kandi habaho kwivuguruza imiterere y'isoko mu Bushinwa. Nubwo ikoranabuhanga ryongeweho Flame Relmet Ibikoresho Biroroshye ugereranije nuburyo gakondo, birashobora kuba byujuje ibisabwa byibikoresho gakondo. Kubwibyo, umubare wubwoko bushya wa Flame Redadandants yakozwe kandi bakorewe ni byinshi.
Ariko, biroroshye gutera cyangwa bigira ingaruka kumiterere yumubiri na mashini nibiranga ibikoresho bya porogaramu zidasanzwe, kandi akenshi hari ibibazo bitandukanye bya porogaramu, kandi akenshi haribibazo bitandukanye, kandi akenshi haribibazo bitandukanye, kandi akenshi haribibazo bitandukanye, kandi akenshi haribibazo bitandukanye, kandi akenshi haribibazo bitandukanye, kandi akenshi haribibazo bitandukanye, kandi akenshi haribibazo bitandukanye, kandi akenshi haribibazo bitandukanye, kandi akenshi hari ibibazo bitandukanye bya Matrix, kandi akenshi haribice bitandukanye bya Matrix ntabwo ari hafi cyane.
Ibiranga ibihangano bya Flame Reacbartants nuko bashobora kubona vuba ubushyuhe buke ugereranije, bitunguranye kandi byiza bihamye kandi bikaba byiza cyane kurutonde rwibikoresho bya polymer byavuzwe haruguru. Byongeye kandi, urwego rwuburozi rwibikoresho bitwara ibintu ni bike, kandi ingaruka zumutwe winjira mubikoresho bya polymer byoroshye nabyo, ariko inzira yumusaruro iragoye kandi ntabwo byoroshye gukora.
Dukurikije ubwoko butandukanye bwibintu mubintu nyamukuru byaka umuriro, harashobora gukomeza kugabanywamo urukurikirane rwa Bromine, urukurikirane rwa chlorine, urukurikirane rwa Orcopi. Ukurikije ibyiciro nibisanzwe niba ibintu byagabanijwe mubintu bifatika, ibintu rusange birashobora kugabanywamo urumuri rwa kall or kardand hamwe na salle isanzwe ya anoorgnalic.
Igishushanyo cya
Inkomoko yumubare: Urubuga rwemewe rwumwami
Mu myaka ibiri ishize, gukurikirana umwotsi utekanye kandi unoze, udafite uburozi, umusaruro wirabura wo mu gasozi gahoro gahoro gahoro.
Ⅱ.
1.Inormanic Flame Redarbant
Inono ya MOGORMAnic Reddant cyane cyane bivuga nk'ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije ndetse n'ibidukikije, gukoresha ibintu bizaba byinshi. Kugeza ubu, MG (OH) 2, AL (OH) 3 Kandi andi hydroxide aracyari ubwoko bushya bw'ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe byo mu kirere aribwo buryo bw'ibihe by'inganda mu Bushinwa.
Gufata MG (OH) 2 nkurugero rusanzwe, ifite imikorere yo kuzamura, guhagarika umutima no guhagarika umwotsi. Ikintu nyamukuru cyumubiri na flame dedidant uburyo bwo gufatanya bugenda neza kuburyo bukurikira: Amakoto ya Endothermic yimyanya yinzibacyuho yoroheje yo gukonjesha kwihuta kwibikoresho byihuta cyane.
Muri icyo gihe, kubera umubare munini wubusa ubushyuhe bwuzuyemo amazi yimyuka nyuma yo kubona imyuka yihuse kandi yangiza igice cya kazu yaka kandi ikangiza igice cyaka no kwagura ibicuruzwa byo hejuru yubushyuhe bwo gutwikwa. Mugihe kimwe, ubushyuhe bwinshi bwongeye kuvugurura organic organide yicyuma cyangirika na okiside kandi ifite ibikorwa byihuse bya flame-idasanzwe, ubwayo bizatanga imiti yihuta yihuta kandi igatanga ubushyuhe bwa ogisijeho.
Ubuso bwaya bushyuhe bwa polymer polymer burashobora kuba bwihuse bwo gukora igice cyijimye, hejuru ya firime ya karudonaho kandi yo kwimura cyane.
Igishushanyo cya6 Inorurnan
Ubwoko bwa Onorganic bwa MORMENTIC BORMES yongeweho ibikoresho bya Polymer ntabwo ari byinshi muri iki gihe, kandi kuberako ibintu byinshi byo kwivanga hamwe na polymerisant bifatika hamwe na polymerisant yumubiri hamwe na polymeri yimirire hamwe na polymer yo muri polymedide itegamiye kuri polymedide ihamye itaramuka ntabwo yo guteza imbere kandi ikoreshwa cyane kandi neza.
Ubwoko busanzwe bwibikoresho byinshi bishya bya kilime ni aside ya fosifori, acide ya bodium, sodium fosimium p-ammonium chloride, sodium borax nibindi. Jin Xuefen et al. Yasabye ko ibicuruzwa bibiri nka Nylon na Nylon byongeweho Hypophosphate kugirango bateze imbere urumuri. Ubushakashatsi bwibanze ku bice bitatu bya Ferric of Ferride (Fe2O3) hamwe nuruhererekane rw'ibintu byuzuye bigira ingaruka ku iterambere ry'ikirenga ku gahato no guterwa no kuboneza urubyaro.
Binyuze mu isesengura ryamakuru ya Caloriyeter, isesengura rya Pyrolysis Amakuru yo Gutakaza Ibiro hamwe na Flame Redical Stress ya Flame idasanzwe, ifite ingaruka nziza kandi irambye kandi izamura reaction no kubora. Ingaruka nziza kandi zirambye guhagarika urufunguzo rukomeye rwa karuboneya ntarengwa yo kurekura kwihuta cyangwa kwimura byingufu za gazi yangiza cyane cyangwa kwangiza gazi byihuse cyangwa byangiza molekile muri sisitemu ya bariyeri.
Igishushanyo cya Nylon
Inkomoko yerekana: Urubuga rwemewe rwa Yinyaan ibikoresho bishya
Hamwe na Exelit OP 1312 ML Flame Redargabant GRPA66 (Flam fibre ya 30%), mugihe umubare wa flame urwacyaha kuri BPS na RP, Ikirenga cyane kuri BPS na Rp Flame Redartant.Ibibazo na Ingaruka Imbaraga zigabanuka hafi 20% ugereranije na GRPA66, kandi ibara ryibiti ni byiza. Ugereranije na BPS na RP Flame Redargabant GRpa66, nko gutekereza cyane, gucana urumuri, umwotsi, imitungo ya mashini, flame redirtant grpa66 hamwe nibyiza bya Op 1312 bifite akamaro kagaragara.
Hamwe no kwiyongera gahoro gahoro kangana na Flame Reportant Hapdartant ya Halome, Imbaraga zo mu rwego rwa UL94 za ULN4 zishinzwe gushimangira nka Nylon ziriyongera cyane, kandi igitaramo gisigaye kizaba kigufi. Iyo igipimo cyongereranyo cya Halogun-Flame Yubusa HaPrarbant kijyanye na 20% gusa ugereranije, muri SHOME YUBUNTU
Legchik et al. Ikibanza cyagaragaje ko fosifori itukura hamwe nizindi mbogamizi zidasanzwe muri Nylon 6 zitezimbere ikibazo cya flame gitesha agaciro hamwe numupaka wa flame.
LVCHICKSV wongeyeho ibice 3 bya fosifori itukura na 1 igice cya MG (OH) 2 nandi flame nta gushidikanya muri Nylon,. Ibirimo byose mubihe bibiri byabazwe 20% ~ 50% byubunini bwibikoresho bya resin. Irashobora kwemeza ko ibipimo byuzuye bya tekiniki byerekana umusaruro kandi ubwiza bwibicuruzwa birashobora kuba byiza, kandi amanota yumutungo utimukanwa wibikoresho birashobora kurenga cyangwa munsi ya polymer yakozwe cyangwa munsi ya polymen imaze gutanga amashanyarazi.
2. Organic flame redirtant
2.1 Umutuku wa fosifori
Muri fosifeso ester flame, muri rusange igabanijwemo ibikoresho byingenzi bya fologhan-kubuntu ibikoresho birimo ibikoresho bya fologn-frospen-kubuntu
Igishushanyo cya FIGS
Agashusho gakondo: Urubuga rwa Tiayi
Ibicuruzwa bitari Halogen bidakeneye kubamo bike mubindi bintu bya Halogen byonyine, kandi ntukabe icyerekezo cyamabacyuko cyanduye hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryihuse ryibidukikije murugo no mumahanga.
Triphenyosl polyphosphate, IstonOle Toluene Sulfonate ya fosifate, thealyl fosiphate nizindi nyamaswa zitari pologhan hamwe nindi miti ya polyphosshate, ubwoko bwa polyphosphate bufite ibipimo icumi byibikoresho byabo byibanze. Ariko, kubera ko birimo ibice byinshi, ibicuruzwa bya polophoshashashashashashashas-yubusa bifite isura nyinshi zujuje ubuziranenge, nkibiti byoroheje no gukora ubushyuhe buke nubushyuhe bubi hamwe nubukonje bubi. Kubwibyo, umusaruro wacyo kandi usaba mubikorwa bitari polonye fosifer prosphate ibicuruzwa bigarukira cyane.
Urundi rwaho, rwakozwe neza na sosiyete nini yo mu Busuwisi mu 1968, ifite ibintu nyamukuru biranga Ultra-uburozi buke, ubushyuhe buke, kurwanira ikinyabupfura, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe no guhangayika. Imyiteguro n'imikorere yo kubyanganiza inzoga ya fisopropyBepylbene iroroshye, imiyoboro ifatiro zifatika, isuka nyinshi, irakoreshwa cyane, polymer ya anoorg, polymer isanzwe hamwe n'ibindi bikoresho bifatika.
Yang minfen et al. yerekanye ko indangagaciro za ogisijeni zayongereye ziyongereye hamwe no kwiyongera kw'ibipimo bya Flame Retdart. Iyo ibyongerewemo bis (2-carboxyethyl) monohexamethylamine fosphate yari 6% (agace rusange), agaciro ka Loi karashobora kugera kuri 27.8% Urwego. Ibizamini byerekanaga ko igihe cyongeyeho ikigereranyo cya Bis (2-carboxyethyl) monohexamethylamine fosshhate yari hejuru ya Nylon Redarbant Nylon Redarbant Nylon
Wang Zhangyu et al. Wongeyeho kuri 66 poline ya Nylon Monomer kandi ushobora kubanza guhagarika cyangwa kwerekana melamine irenze polyphosphate monomer (MPP) kuri polymeration. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byose byerekanaga ko mugihe umubare rusange wa MPP muri Manomer ugeze kuri 25% (agace gato ka UL94.
Phosphorus type flame retardants have the unique advantages of non-toxic, low halogen, low smoke, environmental protection and no heavy metal pollution substances, and they are the most indispensable among many organic polymer flame retardants, which will gradually become a new direction of human research.
2.2 Ubwoko bwa azote bwa flame redibant
Kugeza ubu, abategetsi b'ikirere ba ACTRODED barashobora gukoreshwa cyane kandi bagakoreshwa muri Porogaramu Nkuru Ubushinwa. Mu bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa flame ya azoden, muri Melamine Resins hamwe n'ibiryo byabo bihuye nibyo bingenzi. Kimwe mu bintu byabo bitangaje ni uko flame yabo yadindiza, kubora no gutwika imikorere myiza ni ndende, ntacyo bitwaye neza, bidafite ubusobanuro no bihendutse.
Igishushanyo cya
Agashusho gakondo: Ibikoresho bya Koon Flame Ikirangantego Urubuga rwemewe
Uburyo nyamukuru bwa okiside-ubwoko bwa flame ya flame burimo uburyo bubiri na bitatu byingenzi bya gaze ya gaze: kunyerera kuri gaze ya N2, no kurekura imiti myinshi idahwitse ikubiyemo atome ya azote nka oya, ishobora kugabanya cyane ogisijeni kwibanda mugihe akuramo ubushyuhe kugirango akonje. ACrocrous Flame Retbartants ni ubwoko bushya bwa flame uburozi buke, ugereranije nihindagurika no gutuza cyane.
Ubwoko bwingenzi bwa flame ya azoden ni Triazine cycloketone Ibigize, ibikomoka kuri Melamine bikomoka, nibindi Gijsma et al. Yize kandi ko Mca yongewe muri Polyamide afite ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere ya Polyamide. Raporo yubushakashatsi yerekanaga ko: hiyongereyeho muburyo bwa MCONA muri NCLON ntibashobora gukemura neza ikibazo cyumuriro wibitonyanga, ariko hashobora no gukinira urwenya rwinshi mu mikorere ya Nylon muri UL94-0, Loi Agaciro karashobora kurenza 31.0%.
Wang Qi et al. Wongeyeho ubwoko bushya bwo gutatana muri MCA polymer (FS-MCA) yateguwe na tekinoroji ya Nylon. Imiterere myiza Gukora neza hamwe no gutanyagura neza muri moleme ya flame muri polymer pa66 resin irashobora kugerwaho, bitezimbere rwose umukabaruko wa Flame na Mechanical wa sisitemu ya MCA Flame Redarbant Pay Sisitemu ya Plame Redarbant Pay Sisitemu ya pasika ya MCA.
Dianluo yateguye neza MCA ifite ingufu nke zo hejuru no kugutera imbaraga zo kuvura hejuru yuburemere bwa Mylon.
Igishushanyo.10 MCA Flame-Redardant NylonBatch
Inkomoko yerekana: Polypepetrochemical
Ugereranije na MCA gakondo mCA, yahinduwe MCA ifite imiterere yihariye yubuso kandi biroroshye gutemba no gutatanya muri Pa66. Umuco wa MCA wahinduwe wongeyeho muri PA66 Matrix ifite amazi menshi, ubuzima bwiza flame adasubirwaho kandi akuzamura imitungo. Kubwibyo, MCA iteye imbere irashobora gutsinda ibibi bya MCA gakondo. Itanga ikoranabuhanga ritangaza, dukoresheje ibi byahinduwe byahinduwe birashobora gutegurwa imikorere yuzuye yumuriro wa flame yazamuye Pa66.
2.3 fosifori-nitgen of flame redibant
Ihame ryo kwagura urumuri rwinshi cyane bivuga gukoresha izi miti itatu itandukanye yumubiri na shimi rwose yibikoresho byo guhagarika ibikoresho birashobora no kongerwaho ibintu bitandukanya ibintu bishobora no kongerwaho ibintu byumubiri bikaba byakangurirwa na gaze yibikoresho byaka kugaragara kwaguka no gutwikwa. Ibigize ibyingenzi nabyo birarangiye na karuboni isoko, acide isoko hamwe nisoko yindege.
Igishushanyo.11 Flame Yagutse
Source Source: Urubuga rwemewe rwa Hongtaiji
Inkomoko ya karuboni, nkuko izina ribigaragaza, gutwika ibyinshi muri karubone bikubiye mumiterere ya molekelar. Ibikoresho birimo karubone muri rusange ni ibikoresho byaka. Ariko, kubera imitungo ya karubone ubwayo, nyuma yo kubora gaze ya gaze yubushyuhe nubundi buryo, mubisanzwe bishonga buhoro buhoro kugirango bihuze na karubonesi bisigaye bifatanye na ogisijeni hamwe nibindi bikorwa.
Nkuko izina ryerekana, isoko rya acide yerekeza kuri byinshi bya buri munsi Polyphosphate. Umuvuduko mwinshi wa gaze wikirenga kirimo ibice bya polyphosphate birashobora kwishima gaze ya gaze ya polyphosphate muburyo bwo kwikuramo ibikoresho kugirango uhagarike urumuri rwibikoresho kugirango uhagarike urumuri rwibikoresho kugirango ukomeze gutwika ubushyuhe bwo hasi.
Nkuko izina ribivuga, isoko yindege yerekeza ku matsinda ya gaze akubiye mu miterere ya molekelar skeleton mu gihe cyo gutwikwa mu buryo buke, kugira ngo uhagarike induru ndende
Zhang xujie et al. yateguye uburinzi bushingiye ku bidukikije, icyatsi kibisi kandi cyiza na azonga na azote flame repoditives zirashobora gukoreshwa mu ntangiriro ya flame redirtant ya flame redirtant Nylon Redarbant Nylon Redarbant Nylon Redarbant Nylon Redarbant Nylon Redarbant Nylon Redarbant Nylon Redarbant Nylon Redarbant Nylon Redarbant Nylon Redarbant Nylon Redarbant Nylon Redarbant Nylome Redarbant Nylon Redarbant Nylon Redarbant Nylon Redarbant Nylon Redarsant. Ubushyuhe bwo gutwika ibicuruzwa byatinze bwa Nylon byakozwe no kwitegura birashobora kugera kurwego rwa EU Ul944v-0, bikemura ikibazo rusange cyo gushonga munzira nyabagendwa. Ariko, kubera kubaho umubare munini wa hydrocarbone muriyi miterere ya flame idahwitse, bizatera urusaku rwinshi rwo guturika mumwanya wa Nylon Real Street wa Nylon Redarbant. Kubwibyo, haracyari ibibazo byinshi mubishushanyo mbonera bya flame umutegetsi wa azote na pasifone mugihugu cyacu, kigomba gukomeza kurushaho.
Ubushyuhe bwambere no kubora ubushyuhe bwa fosifate Gutakaza ibiro byageze kuri 5% kuri 240 ℃, hamwe nigipimo cya Pyrolysi reaction ahagana kuri 378 ℃ nacyo cyari kinini kwisi muri kiriya gihe. Igisubizo cya nyuma nuko iyo hashobora kwanduza ubushyuhe bugera kuri 600 ℃, ubushyuhe bwamabuye ya Flame bushobora kuzuzwa icyarimwe, kandi igipimo cyo kugumana imbaga gishobora kugera kuri 36.5%.
Li Xia et al. Banza ufatanya kandi upima amatsinda abiri ya Carboxyl muburyo bwa nitrodus Ubwoko bwanditse Flame Reddiant. Abantu bamaze kuyikoresha, byakwitwara na Cyclophone kandi byangiza umunyu wa flame, hanyuma ukonja umunyu wa Nylon 66 flame redindant.
Ikizamini cyageragejwe nacyo cyerekanaga ko Loi yacyo irenga 27.14%, nibisubizo byikizamini byabonetse kubizamini byahagaritse ni UL94V-0. Kandi muburyo bwo gutwika kandi buzabona hejuru yibikoresho byashizeho buhoro buhoro urwego rworoshye kandi rwumurongo wa karubone, kugirango ukemure gahunda yo gutwika ibintu bitonyanga. Igice cya karubone cyatanzwe na Fosikhorus - ACTRODINE Kwagura Flame Redarbant yerekanwe ku gishushanyo gikurikira.
Ⅲ.Umwanzuro n'ibyiringiro
Kugaragara kwa Flame ya Halogan-Ubuntu Gukora Flame-Redardide Ibicuruzwa bisanzwe mubikorwa bisanzwe ntibizatanga ibintu bibi bitanga umusaruro wangiza kumubiri wumuntu nongeraho ibidukikije. Urukurikirane rw'umuti wa Halogen-Free Flame redibant rwa Polyamide rugenda ruhinduka umusaruro uzwi cyane ku isoko. Halogun-Flame Retdartants Red Fosiphorus na acide ya cyanuric nuburyo bubiri bwibicuruzwa bya polside bifite gahunda nziza yo gusaba no kwiteza imbere.
Ishusho.13 Flame-Redardant Polyamide
Agashusho gakondo: Defsu net urushundura
Fosiphorus itukura ifite ubudakemwa buke kandi bworoshye bwo kuyategaho, bityo irashobora kunoza neza ubushyuhe bwaka kandi irwanya ibipimo byayo byo kubikamo no gutwara abantu no gutwara abantu no gutwara abantu. Muri rusange bikoreshwa muri Nylon gusa 6.
Igishushanyo.14
Ubundi buryo bushya bwa Halogen-Flame Reddant cyane ikoreshwa cyane muri Polyamide ni melamine Urate. Ibice nyamukuru bifatika birashobora kuba umunyu wibikomokaho na fosifate. Nubwo bafite imitungo myiza ya flame, bafite umutekano mubi. Kubera okiside yacyo yoroshye nubushuhe, Imikorere ya Raporo ya Rasional yibicuruzwa ni bikennye munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi nubushyuhe bwaho kuva kera.
Igishushanyo.15 Melamine cyanuric acide
Agace gato: Urubuga rwa Xiucheng Urubuga rwemewe
Nubwo ibindi byinshi bisanzwe bya Halogn-Ubucukuzi bwa Hargaric bushobora gukoreshwa muriyi mpapuro nibyiza byabo, bose bafite ibibazo byinshi, nko kwishyuza ibintu byinshi, umubare munini wiyongera hamwe no kugabanya ibikorwa bikomeye. Kubwibyo, urumuri rwinshi rwibintu bimwe byishyurwa cyangwa Organic Opot Report Repontique akenshi ntabwo ari byiza.
Kubwibyo, intiti nyinshi zikunda gukoresha uburyo bwo guhuza 2 cyangwa nubwo burenze ubwoko 2 bwa flame kugirango babone imbaraga zitandukanye, kandi bagakoresha inyungu zitandukanye zo guteza imbere uburyo bwo guteza imbere uburyo bwo guteza imbere uburyo bwo guteza imbere imiterere yuzuye. Kugeza ubu, imikorere ya azote-fosifore yo hejuru ya flame iri hejuru, umusaruro w'isoko ni mwinshi, kandi ibicuruzwa ni icyatsi no kwanduza icyatsi.
Kubwibyo, azote na fosifore flame flame kandi nimwe mumabwiriza yingenzi yigihe ejo hazaza murwego rwa flame idindira ibikoresho bya polymer mubushinwa. Kugeza ubu, umubare munini wibicuruzwa bishya bya flame byavuye ku isoko.
Dutanga ubwoko bwose bwa Halogen-Ubuntu bwa Halogen, fosifore na Brosone Flame Flame, bikoreshwa cyane nabakiriya muburayi na Amerika.
Ibibazo birahawe ikaze igihe icyo ari cyo cyose:yihoo@yihoopolymer.com
Igihe cyagenwe: Gashyantare-27-2023